PRP as a Modulator of Inflammation and Healing in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Inflammation control is a critical determinant of surgical success in oral and maxillofacial procedures. Excessive inflammatory response delays healing, increases postoperative complications, and compromises regenerative outcomes. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) plays a pivotal role in modulating inflammatory pathways while simultaneously promoting tissue regeneration.

PRP exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the upregulation of anti-inflammatory mediators. Platelets release bioactive molecules that regulate macrophage polarization, shifting the healing environment from a pro-inflammatory state toward a regenerative phenotype. This biological modulation reduces edema, pain, and tissue breakdown.

In oral and maxillofacial surgery, where microbial exposure is inevitable, PRP’s antimicrobial peptides contribute to infection risk reduction. This is particularly relevant in procedures such as third molar surgery, periodontal regeneration, and reconstructive bone grafting. Clinical observations consistently report reduced postoperative swelling and accelerated mucosal closure in PRP-assisted surgeries.

High-quality PRP systems compliant with CE Marked Class IIb standards ensure controlled platelet activation and consistent growth factor release. Platelet concentrations above 4 million platelets per microliter have been associated with optimal inflammatory modulation without adverse fibrotic responses.

Beyond immediate postoperative benefits, PRP contributes to long-term tissue stability by enhancing collagen organization and vascular integrity. This results in improved functional outcomes and reduced complication rates across a wide spectrum of maxillofacial procedures.

The immunomodulatory capacity of PRP positions it as both a regenerative agent and a biological stabilizer, redefining postoperative management in oral and maxillofacial surgery.